Isfahan's nuclear hub exposed: 3,000 scientists fueling Iran's weapon ambitions

This report uncovers the critical role of Isfahan's nuclear research complex, employing thousands of scientists at the heart of Iran's nuclear program. It highlights the escalating uranium enrichment nearing bomb-grade levels and the geopolitical tensions with Israel and the IAEA's warnings on nuclear safety risks.

Sources:
Time MagazineBbcNpr+2
Updated 11h ago
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Sources: CnnNewsBbc
Isfahan, located in central Iran, hosts the country's largest nuclear research complex, employing 3,000 scientists and suspected to be the core of Iran's nuclear program.

Built with Chinese support and operational since 1984, the Isfahan facility is integral to uranium enrichment and centrifuge development, key steps in nuclear fuel production.

Alongside Isfahan, the Fordow enrichment plant, buried 80 meters deep, is a critical site where uranium particles enriched to 83.7% purity—close to the 90% threshold for weapons-grade uranium—were detected by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 2023.

The nonpartisan Institute for Science and International Security (ISIS) estimates that Iran can convert its current stock of 60% enriched uranium into 233 kg of weapons-grade uranium in just three weeks at Fordow, enough for nine nuclear weapons.

These developments have heightened international concerns about Iran's nuclear ambitions, with Israeli officials warning of the potential for rapid weaponization if not stopped. Meanwhile, Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi has expressed willingness for negotiations but cited ongoing conflicts as obstacles.

The complex interplay of scientific expertise, advanced facilities, and enriched uranium stockpiles underscores the strategic importance of Isfahan and related sites in Iran's nuclear trajectory.

"Isfahan is suspected of being the center of Iran’s nuclear program," according to the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI).

This nexus of scientific manpower and infrastructure continues to fuel global debates on nuclear proliferation and regional security.
Sources: CnnNews
Isfahan, Iran's largest nuclear research complex employing 3,000 scientists, is central to the country's uranium enrichment and nuclear ambitions. The site, built with Chinese support, is suspected of fueling Iran's weapon program amid concerns over uranium stockpiles nearing bomb-grade levels at facilities like Fordow.
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Key Facts
  • Tulsi Gabbard testified in March 2025 that US intelligence assesses Iran is not building a nuclear weapon and that Supreme Leader Khamenei has not authorized a nuclear weapons program since 2003.Time Magazine
  • Gabbard clarified that Iran's enriched uranium stockpile is at its highest levels and unprecedented for a non-nuclear state.Time Magazine
  • Gabbard stated that US intelligence shows Iran is at the point it can produce a nuclear weapon within weeks to months.Bbc
  • The IAEA found uranium particles enriched to 83.7% purity at Fordow, near the 90% needed for a bomb, marking the only Iranian facility with such enrichment.News
  • Israel's Prime Minister Netanyahu warned that if not stopped, Iran could produce a nuclear weapon in a very short time.Bbc
  • Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi saidabsolutely ready for a negotiated solution on the nuclear program but cannot negotiate while under bombardment.Bbc
  • Experts assessed that if nuclear sites like Fordow are bombed, there is little risk of widespread contamination due to the chemical toxicity and heavy nature of uranium gas.Npr
  • The IAEA head warned that nuclear safety is compromised due to attacks on nuclear installations, which could spread contamination over a wider area.Npr
  • Israel has expressed intent to cripple or remove Iran's nuclear program, viewing it as an existential threat.News
  • The Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant can convert 60% enriched uranium into 233 kg of weapon-grade uranium in three weeks, enough for nine nuclear weapons according to ISIS.Cnn1
  • Isfahan hosts Iran's largest nuclear research complex with 3,000 scientists and is suspected to be the center of Iran's nuclear program.Cnn1
Isfahan is in central Iran, and is home to the country’s largest nuclear research complex. The facility was built with support from China and opened in 1984, according to the NTI. According to NTI, 3,000 scientists are employed at Isfahan, and the site is 'suspected of being the center' of Iran’s nuclear program.
Cnn
1
The Fordow enrichment plant is one of three key pieces of nuclear infrastructure in Iran - the others being the Natanz enrichment plant and research facilities in Isfahan. It is thought to be buried around 80m deep into the side of the mountain.
News
News
In her post on social media, Gabbard said US intelligence showed Iran is 'at the point that it can produce a nuclear weapon within weeks to months'. 'President Trump has been clear that can't happen, and I agree,' she added.
Bbc
Bbc
Key Stats at a Glance
Uranium enrichment purity at Fordow
83.7%
News
Uranium conversion and weapon-grade uranium production
60 percent
1

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