Alan WoodwardDan JarvisRichard HorneDr Richard HorneGCHQSurrey UniversityNational Cybersecurity CentreNational Cyber Security Centre

AI-powered malware 'highly likely' to hack UK infrastructure by 2028 as NCSC warns of 'unprecedented rise' in cyber incidents; businesses face empty shelves

The UK's National Cyber Security Centre warns that AI-powered malware is 'highly likely' to target critical infrastructure by 2028, amid an 'unprecedented rise' in cyber incidents. Businesses may face empty shelves as vulnerabilities are exploited, with urgent investment needed to bolster defenses, according to CEO Dr. Richard Horne.

The Sun The Sun+2 sources3 November 2026 · 03:36 UTC
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The UK's National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) has issued a stark warning that AI-powered malware is 'highly likely' to be deployed in cyber-attacks against critical national infrastructure (CNI) by 2028. This alarming forecast comes amid an 'unprecedented rise' in cyber incidents, with the NCSC reporting 1,831 cyber attack reports this year, including 80 nationally significant cases.2

In a speech, Dr. Richard Horne, CEO of the NCSC, emphasized the urgency for businesses to invest in cybersecurity, stating, “For decades, we have collectively got away with doing tech on the cheap.” He warned that vulnerabilities in IT systems, which have been tolerated for too long, can now be exploited at an unimaginable scale.

The NCSC's annual report highlights that Russia and China are expected to routinely use AI in cyber-attacks, increasing the scale and speed of threats. Horne noted, “In the coming months, we face a real prospect of an unprecedented rise in the number of cyber incidents.” He urged organizations to take responsibility, warning that failure to heed these warnings could lead to dire consequences, including empty supermarket shelves and business failures.7

Security Minister Dan Jarvis echoed these concerns, stating, “NCSC's latest annual report shows cyber threats are growing more sophisticated.” The NCSC is leveraging AI to enhance defenses, including the establishment of a National Cyber Shield and an AI Cyber Security Centre of Excellence.4

Key Insight
“NCSC received 1,831 reports of cyber attacks this year, with 80 deemed nationally significant. Richard Horne says vulnerabilities 'tolerated for far too long' will be exploited at an 'unimaginable scale', and he warns that without urgent investment, leaders will face 'empty supermarket shelves'.”
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CuriousCats studied:
1
The SunThe Sun
“Dr Richard Horne, CEO of the National Cyber Security Centre, will say in a speech today there is a real prospect of “when food isn’t on shelves, lights aren’t on, businesses have gone under” amid an “unprecedented” rise in hacking.”
The Sun →
2
The GuardianThe Guardian
“AI-powered malicious software is “highly likely” to be used in hacking attacks against the UK’s power stations, airports and hospitals by 2028, according to the state cybersecurity body.”
The Guardian →
3
Sky News
“The National Cybersecurity Centre claims the UK faces an "unprecedented rise" in the number of cyber incidents in its latest report.”
Sky News →
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